THE:区块链开启食品溯源新模式，构建食品供应链体系_TRA

区块链开启食品溯源新模式

食品溯源远远不是一个简单的线性逻辑，它是一个综合的、立体的、全新的体系。

溯源，指追踪记录有形商品或数字商品的流转链条，通过对每一次流转的登记，实现从源头的信息采集记录、追溯原料来源、生产过程、检验批次、物流流转、防伪鉴证，根据溯源信息优化食品供应链的内在逻辑，构建区块链食品溯源体系。

一．传统食品溯源

我国在2000年后开始建立食品可追溯体系，并把保障食品安全作为追溯体系实际监管的重点。目前国内现行的食品安全追溯技术大致有三种：FRID无线射频技术、二维码和产品条码。这些技术都存在一个严重的问题，即无法根本上解决通过复制和转移防伪标志进行造假的问题。

除此以外，传统食品溯源体系也面临着许多挑战：由于食品供应链中源头信息采集难度大、供应链参与主体较多及流通信息易被篡改，因此传统食品溯源存在着产品流转信息不清晰、溯源信息人为篡改及食品质量问题等。

二．区块链助力食品溯源升级

食物溯源供应链因涉及生产、运输、仓储、销售等多个环节，在食品质量把控上极为复杂，而区块链去中心化、不可篡改及数据加密等特性有助于食品溯源体系形成一条信息和价值共享的链条。

提供技术层面保障

由于区块链技术拥有时序不可逆、数据不可篡改等技术特征，在技术逻辑上能保障溯源体系按照时间顺序安全可靠地进行记录，与物理世界中溯源信息发生的时序要求天然吻合，而且可以实时对于每个溯源点进行的回溯和定位，从而锁定责任主体；其次，区块链的分布式存储和去中心化的投票机制，也在技术逻辑上确保了整个溯源链条上的记录不可篡改，从而避免了在未来真正发生安全事故或有溯源要求时有非法操作行为。

构建食品供应链体系

首先区块链提供了一种标准化的记账体系，统一整合食品从原材料的采集、运输到销售的过程，实现信息的透明共享。将原产地认证信息、有机食品认证、生产许可证等信息记录到区块链网络中，利用区块链不可篡改的特点，确保查询到的信息真实可靠。

其次区块链技术的透明化，使生产者，消费者，销售者，运输者得以建立新的互信关系。最后，由于流程的公开与账本信息的共享，每个参与者都获得了整个食品生态链各个环节的监督，使造假成本大幅提高，市场的公共约束力得以加强。

英文版

Foodtraceabilityisfarfromasimplelinearlogic,itisacomprehensive,three-dimensional,newsystem.

Sourcetracingreferstotrackingandrecordingthecirculationchainoftangiblegoodsordigitalcommodities.Throughtheregistrationofeachcirculation,theinformationcollectionandrecordingfromthesource,theoriginoftherawmaterials,theproductionprocess,theinspectionbatch,thelogisticscirculation,theanti-counterfeitingauthentication,andtheverificationoftheoriginOptimizetheinternallogicofthefoodsupplychainandbuildablockchainfoodtraceabilitysystem.

First.Traditionalfoodtraceability

After2000,Chinabegantoestablishafoodtraceabilitysystem,andregardsfoodsafetyasthefocusoftheactualsupervisionofthetraceabilitysystem.Atpresent,thereareroughlythreetypesofdomesticfoodsafetytraceabilitytechnologies:FRIDwirelessradiofrequencytechnology,QRcodeandproductbarcode.Thesetechnologieshaveaseriousproblem,thatis,theycannotfundamentallysolvetheproblemofcounterfeitingbycopyingandtransferringanti-counterfeitsigns.

Inaddition,thetraditionalfoodtraceabilitysystemalsofacesmanychallenges:duetothedifficultyofcollectingsourceinformationinthefoodsupplychain,thelargenumberofparticipantsinthesupplychain,andthefalsificationofthecirculationinformation,thetraditionalfoodtraceabilityhastheunclearproductcirculationinformationandtraceabilityInformationtamperingandfoodqualityproblems.

Secondly.Blockchainhelpsfoodtraceabilityupgrade

Thefoodtraceabilitysupplychaininvolvesmultiplelinkssuchasproduction,transportation,warehousing,andsales,anditisextremelycomplicatedtocontrolfoodquality.Blockchaindecentralization,non-tampering,anddataencryptionhelpthefoodtraceabilitysystemformaThechainofinformationandvaluesharing.

Providetechnicalguarantee

Becauseblockchaintechnologyhastechnicalcharacteristicssuchasirreversibletiminganddatatampering,itcantechnicallyensurethatthetraceabilitysystemrecordssafelyandreliablyinchronologicalorder,whichnaturallymatchesthetimingrequirementsoftraceabilityinformationinthephysicalworld,andcanThetraceabilityandpositioningofeachtraceabilitypointtolocktheresponsiblesubject;secondly,thedistributedstorageanddecentralizedvotingmechanismoftheblockchainalsotechnicallyensuresthattherecordsontheentiretraceabilitychaincannotbetamperedwith,therebyavoidingInthefuture,therewillbeillegaloperationswhenthereisarealsecurityaccidentoratraceabilityrequirement.

Buildingafoodsupplychainsystem

Firstofall,theblockchainprovidesastandardizedaccountingsystemthatunifiestheintegrationoffoodfromrawmaterialcollection,transportationtosales,andrealizesthetransparentsharingofinformation.Recordthecertificationinformationoforigin,organicfoodcertification,productionlicenseandotherinformationintotheblockchainnetwork,andusethetamper-proofcharacteristicsoftheblockchaintoensurethattheinformationinquiredistrueandreliable.

Secondly,thetransparencyofblockchaintechnologyenablesproducers,consumers,sellers,andtransporterstoestablishnewmutualtrustrelationships.Ontheotherhand,duetothedisclosureoftheprocessandthesharingofledgerinformation,eachparticipanthasbeensupervisedbyalllinksinthefoodproductionchain,whichhasgreatlyincreasedthecostofcounterfeitingandstrengthenedthepublicrestraintofthemarket.

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