ION:Aptos vs. Sui：The Move is coming_MetaLand Shares

KeyInsights

●AptosandSuiareinthespotlightbecausetheyarebuiltonMove,aprogramminglanguageinspiredbyRustandtheircoreteamisfromMeta–Diem.●TheAptostestnetcanreachupto160,000TPSandisbasedontheBlock-STMparallelexecutionengineandthecriticalrotation.●Sui’stestnetworkTPScanreachabout120,000becauseitusesObjectsasabasicunitoptimizingitsthroughput.Also,Sui'sGaspricingandtransactionstoragemechanismcanbringabetterexperiencetousersanddevelopers.●AptosisfaraheadofSuiintermsofitsecosystemdevelopmentanddevelopmentprogress.●AptosandSuistillneedtogetmoreinfluentialpartnerstohelpthemsurviveinthecurrentmarket.

1.Introduction

Theyear2022seesabearmarketwiththemajorityofcryptocurrenciesplummetingduetoabunchofmacroeconomicfactorssuchasinflationandrisingunemploymentetc.However,insuchasluggishmarket,AptosandSuisuddenlymadethemthecenterofattentioninthecryptospace.Inthepasttwoyears,Solana,Avalanche,andotherEthereumkillersappearedinthemarketoneafteranotherandbroughtsignificantmarketinfluence,butnoonecantakeEthereum’splace.AsEthereumcontinuouslyupgradesitselfwiththerecentcompletionoftheMerge,otherchainsseemtohavenothingnewtoboastabout.EvenafterDfinitylauncheditstokenICP,awidespreadopinionisthattheblockchainwouldnolongergetanylovefromthemarket.However,AptosandSui,whomtopVCssprintedtowards,havebrokenthisnarrativewiththeMovelanguageadoptedandtheteamhailingfromDiem.1.1.TheMoveprogramminglanguage

Let'slookatMovefirst.ThemoveisaRust-basedprogramminglanguageforsmartcontractsandcustomtransactions,whichachievesextremelyhighthroughputandlowlatencythroughbatch,pipelined,andparalleltransactionprocessing.OverallthestrengthsoftheMovelanguagearesecurityandcomposability.1.1.1.DefinitionofAsset

Movedefinestokensasresources,unlikeotherprogramminglanguages,suchasSolidity,whichgenerallyseestokensasNumericvariables.Thedifferencebetweenthetwoisthatwhenatransactionoccursintheaccount,theMovelanguagebelievesthatthetokenmusttransfertoonecertainaddressoranother,orelseitwouldbeburned.Tokenasanassetcannotbecopiedordoublespent.LanguagessuchasSolidityconsiderassetstobedigital,sofromthemomentofthetransactiontotheend,thebalanceofthesentandreceivedaddressdecreasesorincreases.Move'sdefinitionofResourceavoidstheproblemofassetsbeinggeneratedoutofnowherebycodelogicandalgorithmerrorsfromtheverybeginning.1.1.2.Staticdispatch

数据：2022年前20大对冲基金收益达224亿美元，Citadel（160亿美元）收益创下基金年度回报新高:1月23日消息，据彭博社援引追踪基金回报数据的公司LCH Investments报告称，2022 年，排名前20位的对冲基金公司总共创造了224亿美元的收益（扣除费用后），其中，位列第一的Citadel 在2022年的收益达到160亿美元，并创下对冲基金公司的年度回报新高，超过了对冲基金经理John Paulson在2007年美国次贷危机中为客户赚取的150亿美元巨额利润。另外，桥水基金（Bridgewater）在2022年的收益为62亿美元。[2023/1/23 11:27:00]

Asinglesmartcontractcannotimplementallfunctionsforsomelargeprojects,sodynamicdispatchhasbecomethemaincallingmethodofSolidity.Thedynamicdispatchstoresthecodeinthelibraryaccordingtotheclassificationandusestheinterfacecallwhenthecontractneedsit,butthishasalsobecomeabreakthroughinthesecurityofthesmartcontract.Dynamicdispatchimprovesflexibility,butflexibilitymeansmorebugs.Incontrast,Moveusesstaticdispatch,whichischaracterizedbythefactthatallcontractshavealreadydeterminedtheirexecutionpathsandverifiedthemduringthecompilationphase,whichmeansthatdeveloperscanidentifyerrorsandexecutesmartcontractsbeforegoingonlineandreducetheprobabilityofdowntimeatruntime.1.1.3.Combinabilityofmodules

Themoveisbasedonthecombinationofmodulesandtheninteractswitheachotherthroughresourcepassing,whileSoliditymainlyreliesonthecombinationthroughmessagepassingunderremotecalls.Thedifferencebetweenthetwoisthatwhenoptimizationorextensionisneeded,inMove,onlythemoduleneedstobeoptimizedandthenthesmartcontractsusingthemodulewillbeautomaticallyupdated,whileinSolidityifthepreviouscontractisoptimized,itcannotbedirectlyupgradedanditerated.

1.2.TheriseandfallofDiem

In2019Facebook(nowMeta)startedLibra,ablockchain-basedpaymentsystemforlicensedstablecoins.However,itwaslaterforcedtorenameDiem,butitstortuousfatedidnotchangeatallwithitsnamechange.RegulatorsfromUSandEUforceittosuspendonthegroundsofinvasionofantitrustlawsandprivacy.Asaresult,severalqualifiedtechnicalstaffbegantoleavetheproject,includingMoShaikhandEvanCheng,wholatersetuptheirteamsandlaunchedAptosandSuiseparatelybasedonDiem.

2.AptosvsSui

2.1.TeamMostoftheAptosandSuicoremembersarefromNoviandDiemofMeta.BlockchainveteransworkingtogethermakeiteasyforAptosandSuitorisesoquickly.

2.2.Investors

AptosandSuiarebackedbyanall-starcast,andthefundraisingforthefirsttworoundshasreachedaverylargescale,at$350millionand$236millionrespectivelywithAptosslightlyahead.Aptos

声音 | Public Citizen总裁：Facebook单方面的声明可能因利益变化而改变:据Public Citizen官网，Public Citizen总裁Robert Weissman在其预备的听证会证词中提到：我想强调一个关键的观点，它适用于对Libra和Calibra的各种担忧：决策者不能依赖Facebook对Libra和Calibra将如何运作的描述。Facebook单方面的、自愿性声明随时可能发生变化。即使Facebook现在对这些做法的承诺是诚实的，其利益在未来也可能会改变——这些自愿性的声明也可能会改变。[2019/7/18]

AsofSeptember2022,Aptoscompletedtwofundraisingroundsata$2.75Bvaluation.BinanceLabsandDragonflyannouncedstrategicinvestmentsinAptosonMarch28andSeptember29,respectively,butthespecificcooperationandinvestmentamounthavenotbeendisclosed.SeedRoundDate：2022.3.15TotalAmountRaised：$200MInvestors:Leadbya16z,otherinvestorsinclude:MulticoinCapital,KatieHaun,3ArrowsCapital,ParaFiCapital,IRONGREY,Hashed,Variant,TigerGlobal,BlockTower,FTXVentures,Paxos,CoinbaseVentures,etc.ARoundDate：2022.7.26TotalAmountRaised：$150MInvestors:LeadbyFTXVenturesandJumpCrypto,otherinvestorsinclude:GriffinGamingPartners,FranklinTempleton,CircleVentures,Superscrypto,etc.Sui

SinceDecember2021,MystenLabs,thedevelopingteamSuihasraisedtworoundsoffundingatavaluationof$2billion,andSuicurrentlyexpectstoraise$236million.ARoundDate：2021.12TotalAmountRaised：$36MInvestors:a16zandNFX,CoinbaseVentures,Lightspeed,SamsungNEXT,ScribbleVentures,Redpoint,ElectricCapital,SlowVentures,StandardCrypto,etc.BRoundDate：2022.7TotalAmountRaised：$200MInvestors:LeadbyFTXVentures,otherinvestorsinclude:a16z,JumpCrypto,Apollo,BinanceLabs,FranklinTempleton,CoinbaseVentures,CircleVentures,LightspeedVenturePartners,SinoGlobal,DentsuVentures,NGCVentures,A&TCapital,GreenoaksCapital,O'LearyVentures,etc.2.3.TechniquesandMechanism

AptosandSuiarebothbasedontheMoveprogramminglanguageandfocusonhigh-performanceparallelcomputingblockchain,whichclaimstobeabletoreachover100,000TPS.2.3.1ParallelExecution

BothAptosandSuiadoptparallelexecution.ThedifferencebetweenthisandEthereum'sEVMisthatitidentifiesindependenttransactionsandexecutesthematthesametime,whileotherinterdependenttransactionswillbepickedoutandexecutedinsequence.ThemechanismofEVMiseachtransactionisexecutedindividuallyinorder,andwhentheEVMexecutesthetransaction,alltherestwillbesuspendeduntilonetransactionexecutioniscompleted.TheproblemwiththeEVMmechanismisthatitgreatlyprolongsthetransactionexecutiontime,andusersareforcedtoincreasethegasfeetoexecutethetransactionearlierthanothers.Incontrast,parallelexecutioncanusehardwaremoreefficientlytoreducetransactionconfirmationtimeandachievebetterscalability.Thedifficultyfacedbyparallelexecutiontechnologyishowtoquicklyidentifyindependenttransactionsanddependenttransactions.Whenexecutinginparallel,itisnecessarytojudgewhetheratransactionwillaffectanothertransaction.Ifitaffects,itisdefinedasbeingdependent,anddependenttransactionsmustbeexecutedinorder.Forexample,AMMtransactionsinthesamepoolaredefinedasdependent,becausemultipledifferenttokensandaccountsareinvolvedintheirtransactions.Thewaytoidentifyindependenttransactionsiswhenanaccountorsmartcontractmodifiesitsmemorylocationswhenatransactionoccurs,andinterdependenttransactionsarethosethatattempttochangethesamememorylocationsinthesameblock.AptosAptosdevelopedBlock-STMtoidentifythedependenciesoftransactions,whichisthemainfactorforAptos'maximumTPStoreach160,000.Block-STMchoosesnottoletusersanddevelopersknowinadvancewhichpartofthememorytheyarelocatingbutinsteadusesOptimisticConcurrencyControl(assumingalltransactionsareindependent)tovalidatewhenBlock-STMexecutestransactions,andthestoragelocationmodifiedinthetransactionwillbemarked.Inthevalidatingphase,ifitisfoundthatthemarkedstoragelocationisaccessedbyothertransactions,itmeansthatthetransactioninthisstoragelocationisnotindependent,andthesystemwilltakeitoutandre-executeitinsequence.AccordingtotheofficialtestdataofAptos,whenthetransactionsarefewer,theexecutionspeedofBlock-STMis16timesfasterthanthatofsequentialexecutionusing32threads,andwhenmoretransactionsexecuteatthesametime,thespeedofBlock-STMisalso8times.DataSource：https://medium.com/aptoslabs/block-stm-how-we-execute-over-160k-transactions-per-second-on-the-aptos-blockchain-3b003657e4baSuiSuihasoptedforadifferentapproachthanAptoswhenitcomestotransactionprocessing.InSui'smechanism,anObjectisusedasthebasicunitinsteadofanAccount,andeachobjecthasauniqueIDasidentification.Objectsareclassifiedintothreetypesofassets,namelyimmutableassets(smartcontracts),singleassets(whichcanonlybemodifiedbytheirspecificowner),andsharedassets(whichcanbemodifiedbymultipleowners).Asingleassetcanonlybemodifiedbyitsspecificowner,whileasharedassetcanbemodifiedbymultipleowners.Thissettingreducesthedifficultyofidentifyingindependenttransactionsordependenciesbecauseassettypescanbequicklyidentifiedandconfirmedwhentheyareindependentlytraded.2.3.2.OtherMechanism

声音 | Allen Piscitello：Liquid Network专注于广泛的应用:据ambcrypto报道，Blockstream产品管理总监Allen Piscitello阐述了闪电网络和比特币侧链Liquid Network之间的区别，他表示，闪电网络和Liquid Network在某些方面彼此相似，并且通过使用支付渠道更快地发送付款。在使用闪电网络甚至不需要等待两分钟，而且它正在使用更具反应性的安全模型。如果有人试图窃取您的资金，您有时间收回渠道中的所有资金，这是一个不同的安全模型。对于他们的性质，闪电网络更加面向“微支付”，而Liquid Network则专注于广泛的应用。[2018/11/1]

AptosHybridCustodyOptionandTradePre-ExecutionMechanismSecurityissuessuchaswallettheftandwronglysigningmalicioustransactionshavealwaysbeenthenightmareofmanyusers.Therefore,Aptoshaslaunchedtwofunctions,keymanagementandsigningtransactionprecautionarymeasures,toprotectthepropertysafetyofitsusers.AccordingtotheAptoswhitepaper,Aptosaccountssupportkeyrotationandnewhybridmodelsofcustody,souserscandelegatetheabilitytorotatetheaccount’sprivatekeytooneormorecustodiansandothertrustedentities.ThentheusercandesignastrategythroughMove,thepurposeofthisstrategyistoallowthecustodiantorotatethekeyundercertaincircumstances.Thebenefitofthisisthatwhenauserloseshiskey,thecustodiancanrestoretheserviceforhiskeytoavoidlossofassets.Inaddition,thetransactionpre-executionandtransactionrestrictionservicesarealsousedbyAptostoprotectthesecurityofuserassets.Whenuserssignatransaction,Aptoswillprovidethemwithtransactionresultsandcompareknownattacksandmalicioussmartcontractsinthepast,therebyreducingtheprobabilityofusersbeingdeceived.Anduserscanalsosetlimitsontransactionssothatwhenmalicioustransactionsviolatetheserules,thetransactionwillbeterminated.SuiGaspriceandTransactionstoragemechanismThehighlightofSui'seconomicmodelisthepricingmechanismofGasandthestoragefund.ThepricingmechanismgivesusersabetterexperiencebecausetheydonotneedtopredictthecostofGas,andthevalidatorscanproposetheiridealpriceofGasforvoting,andeveniftheidealpriceisnotreached,theincentiverewardscanstillbringthemobjectiverevenue,thusreducingunhealthycompetition.andpreventdenialofservice(DoS)attacks.Thebenefitsofthestoragefundarethreefold.First,itsolvestheproblemofstoragecostsforvalidators.Second,aself-regulatingmechanismisdevelopedforSui'son-chainstorage,andvalidatorsconsciouslydeleteuselessdata.Third,itincreasesthedemandfortheuseofSuitokens,thusreducingitsinflation.1)Gaspricingmechanism,wherevalidatorsdetermineareferenceGaspricebyvoting,whichisusedasareferencepricewhenthevalidatorprocessesusertransactions.WhenavalidatorcompletesavalidationrequesttoobtainaGascostaroundthereferencepriceitwillreceivearewardfromSui,exceedingthepriceandnon-responsivevalidatorswillreducetherewardtheyreceive,andconversely,validatorsbelowthereferencepricewillreceiveanadditionalreward.2)Transactionstorage,whichisdesignedtosolvetheproblemoffutureuserspayingforthestorageofearlyadopters.SinceSuicanhandleanyamountofdataonthechainwhensubsequentusersusethesamedatastoredbypastusers,subsequentusersmayhavetopaydisproportionatelyhighstoragefeesforthem,andthisnegativenetworkexternalitywillputalotofpressureonSuiinthelongrun.Thestoragefeesaredepositedinthefundfordistributiontofuturevalidators.Inaddition,a"deletionoption"mechanismisdesignedsothattheverifieronlyneedstodeletethedatastoredinthechaintogetarebateonthestoragefee.2.4.Tokenomics

Web3开发平台Moralis将集成至Aptos:1月18日消息，Web3 开发平台 Moralis 宣布将集成至 Aptos，参与 Aptos 的开发人员将能够使用 Moralis 符合国际标准的 Web3 应用程序接口（API），他们的操作将会变得更加便捷。据官方数据显示，Aptos 链上交易量已突破 7000 万笔，截止目前达到 71,391,253 笔，活跃质押量为 839,021,485 枚 APT。[2023/1/18 11:19:25]

JustonedaybeforeAptosannounceditsofficialtokenomics,thedetailsofwhicharestillwaitingfortheofficialupdate.ItisworthnotingthatthecurrenttokenomicsofSuidoesnothaveaburningmechanism,whichmightharmthetokenvalueretention.However,Sui'sstoragefundmechanismhasreducedtheinflationofSuitokenstoacertainextent.DataSource：1.https://medium.com/mysten-labs/recap-sui-ama-tokenomics-ca00967b937d2.https://aptosfoundation.org/currents/aptos-tokenomics-overview2.5.ProductProgress

Fromtheperspectiveofdevelopmentprogress,AptoswithitsthirdnetworknestsurpassesSuiatthispoint.2.6.PotentialRisks

OnMay20,2022,awell-knownAmericanentrepreneurandinvestorShariGlazersuedMohammedShaikh,founderofAptosLabs,allegingthatShaikhcheatedheroutof50%ownershipofthepartnership.Thecasehasnotyetprogressed,andifitdoes,itwillhaveasignificantimpactonMohammedShaikh,butitdoesnotinvolveAptosatthistimeandthereforewillnothaveanysignificantimpactonit.Incontrast,Suihasnothadanynegativenewsonthelegalfront,soitispotentiallylessriskythanAptos.2.7.Token

APT(Aptostoken)waslistedonOctober19,2022.AccordingtoCoingecko,APTiscurrentlypricedat$7.38witha24-hourtradingvolumeof$1,007,472,882whilethisarticleisbeingedited.TheexchangesAPThadlistedincludeGate.io,Binance,FTX,Coinbase,OKX,Kucoin,Huobi,Bybit,MEXC,etc.Drivenbymarketenthusiasm,thetradingvolumehasbeenataveryhighlevel.Incontrast,Suiisfarbehind,withnoofficialannouncementofanytokensgoingonthelistatthismoment.3.EcosystemDevelopment

3.1.ThenumberofprojectsdeployedonAptosvsSui

AccordingtotheofficialplanreleasedbyAptosonJune29,statisticsshowthattherearecurrentlyover100projectsbeingbuiltinitsecosystem,comparedtoSui'scurrentslowdevelopmentprogress,withthenumberofknownprojectsintheecosystemcurrentlyataround20.Intermsofecosystemlayout,Aptosmainlyfocusesoninfrastructure,andmostoftheDappsintheecosystemcurrentlyareDefi,DEX,anddigitalwallet,whileSuihasnotfoundanobviouslayoutyet.ApointworthnotingisthatthemainstreamapplicationsintheblockchainmarketarecurrentlydevelopedbasedontheSoliditylanguage,whichisnotcompatiblewiththeMovelanguageusedbyAptosandSui.Thismeansthatiftheprojectwantstobuildintheecosystemofboth,developersneedtorecode,whichmayreducetheefficiencyofbuildingapplicationsinbothecosystems.3.2.ProjectDevelopmentProgressonAptosvsSui

Aptos生态项目Arco于IDO后未分发代币，疑似Rug Pull:10月29日消息，基于Aptos的DeFi借贷平台Arco Protocol于今日进行IDO，但多名参与者在其推特和社区留言表示投资后并未收到ATC代币，Arco项目未有任何回复，疑似Rug Pull。[2022/10/29 11:56:23]

Atpresent,thereareasmanyas11projectsintheAptosecosysteminthetestnetworkstage,whileSuicurrentlyhasonly5.Inaddition,therearemoreprojectsintheAptosecosystemwithgreenlightbytopVCs,includingPontemNetwork,whichisrepresentedbystarbackerssupportingandateamwithatechnicalbackground.PontemWalletandLiquidswaphavealreadyenteredthetestnetworkstage.

4.BlockchainTrilemma

TheemergenceofAptosandSuihasbroughtsomeinnovationstosolvetheimpossibletriangleproblemofblockchain.ScalabilityBothofthemhavemadesignificanttechnicalinnovationstoimprovescalability,whichisoneoftheirbiggestadvantagesoverotherblockchains.Aptos'Block-STMandAptosBFThavegreatlycontributedtoitstestnetworkTPSof160,000,whileSui'suniqueassetdefinitionandconsensusmechanismhaveenableditstestnetworkTPSof125,000.SecurityTheuniquenatureoftheMovelanguageprovidesbettersecurityforAptosandSui.Inaddition,Aptos'HybridCustodyOptionandTradePre-ExecutionMechanismprovidessecurityforusers'accounts,comparedtoSui,whichhasnotmadeanymajorsecurityfeatureinnovationsexceptfortheMovelanguage.DecentralizationSui'sGaspricingmechanismimprovestherightsofverifierstoacertainextent,butingeneralSuiandAptosdonotofferanyinnovativesolutionstothedecentralizationproblem.5.Summary

Fromtheabove,ThemainadvantageofAptosisthatitsecologicaldevelopmentismuchmoreadvancedthanSui's,butthisisnotenoughtopredictthefuturedevelopmentofboth.ThesimilaritiesbetweenthetwoarethattheybothhaveoriginalDiemdevelopmentteams,bothusetheMovelanguageandhavemadeinnovationsintechnologyandeconomicmechanisms,andbothhavetier-oneinvestorsonboard.Itisdifficulttopredictwhowillperformbetterinpractice,butitiscertainthatthebirthofAptosandSuihasreignitedtheenthusiasmfornewblockchainsinthecommunityandcontributedtotheinnovationoftheblockchain.Noteworthy,ThemaincompetitorofAptosandSuiisSolana,althoughitwasrecentlyaffectedbytheFTXincident,whichcauseditstokenpriceandTVLtodecrease.However,Solanaisstillthebestexampleofatechnicalsingle-chain.TheamountofcustomersitbringstoitsecosystemthroughcooperationwithcapitalandexchangesandthusSolana'stechnicaladvantageshavelongoccupiedthetop5positionsinTVLofblockchain,sobuildingahealthyandhigh-qualityecosystemisalsoanessentialstepforthesuccessfuldevelopmentofblockchain.AptoshaspreviouslyannouncedastrategicpartnershipwithBinance,butBinancealreadyhasaBNBchain,soitisnotsureifAptoscangetmanyusersthroughBinance.Suihasnotannouncedanypartnershipwithexchange,sothereisstillagapbetweenAptosandSuiintermsofecologicaldevelopmentpotentialcomparedtotheircompetitorSolana.Disclaimer

*Thisarticlerepresentsonlytheviewsoftheobserversanddoesnotconstituteanyinvestmentsuggestions.*Gate.ioreservesallrightstothisarticle.RepostingofthearticlewillbepermittedprovidedGate.ioisreferenced.Inallothercases,legalactionwillbetakenduetocopyrightinfringement.Reference

.https://move-book.com/resources/what-is-resource.html.https://blog.pontem.network/aptos-vs-sui-a-detailed-comparison-120b2873ca58.https://aptos.dev/aptos-white-paper/aptos-white-paper-index.https://github.com/MystenLabs/sui/blob/main/doc/paper/sui.pdf.https://foresightnews.pro/article/detail/14875.https://salemal.medium.com/a-review-of-narwhal-and-tusk-a-dag-based-mempool-and-efficient-bft-consensus-bf2099908c63.https://cryptotvplus.com/2022/08/a-comparison-of-aptos-and-sui/.https://www.tuoluo.cn/article/detail-10101335.html.https://www.theblockbeats.info/news/31436.https://mirror.xyz/0xbuidlerdao.eth/MePeSGYe63OX8xXb8IwIrXzGk_S606NG7SR879XMXRE.https://www.coinonpro.com/news/toutiao/237117.html.https://secbit.io/blog/en/2019/07/10/move-programming-language-the-highlight-of-libra/.https://www.coinonvip.com/2022091011563236763.html.https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/aptosGatewaytoCryptoTradeover1,400cryptocurrenciessafely,quicklyandeasilyonGate.ioSignuptoenterthecryptogatewayandget40%commissionfromreferralsDownloadiOS/AndroidApprightnow.FollowusonsocialTwitter:https://twitter.com/gate_ioTelegram:https://t.me/gate_ioInstagram：https://www.instagram.com/gateioglobalMedium：https://medium.com/@gateioPodcast:https://gateio.buzzsprout.com/?ch=buzzsGate.ioTeamNov22nd,2022

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